Ventilation interface for sleep apnea therapy

ABSTRACT

The ventilation interface for sleep apnea therapy interfaces a ventilation device to the patient&#39;s airways. The ventilation interface includes a pair of nasal inserts made from flexible, resilient silicone which are oval shaped in cross-section and slightly tapered from a base proximal the ventilation supply to the distal tip end. A bead flange is disposed about the exterior of each insert at the distal end of the insert. A bleed port for release of exhaled air is defined through a conical vent projecting normally to the path of the incoming air flow, and continues through a nipple extending to the exterior of the air conduit. In one embodiment, a pair of nasal inserts are integral with a nasal cannula body, with bleed ports axially aligned with each insert. In another embodiment, each insert is independently connected to a separate, thin-walled, flexible supply line.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/702,229, filed Feb. 5, 2007, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/940,989, filed Sep. 15, 2004, which is now U.S. Pat. No. 7,188,624, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/524,371, filed Mar. 13, 2000, which is now U.S. Pat. No. 6,478,026, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/124,323, filed Mar. 13, 1999, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to ventilation devices, and particularly to a ventilation device having a nasal inserts which are inserted into the nostrils and seal against the nostrils without the aid of harnesses, head straps, adhesive tape or other external devices, and having exhalation ports designed to eliminate whistling noises, the ventilation interface having particular utility in various modes of therapy for obstructive sleep apnea.

2. Description of the Related Art

Sleep apnea is a potentially lethal affliction in which breathing stops recurrently during sleep. Sleep apnea may be of the obstructive type (sometimes known as the pickwickian syndrome) in which the upper airway is blocked in spite of airflow drive; the central type with decreased respiratory drive; or a mixed type. Breathing may cease for periods long enough to cause or to exacerbate cardiac conditions, and may be accompanied by swallowing of the tongue. Sleep apnea frequently results in-fitful periods of both day and night sleeping with drowsiness and exhaustion, leaving the patient physically and mentally debilitated.

In recent years it has been found that various forms of positive airway pressure during sleep can be an effective form of therapy for the apnea sufferer. Ventilation can be applied in the form of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) in which a positive pressure is maintained in the airway throughout the respiratory cycle, Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) in which positive pressure is maintained during inspiration but reduced during expiration, and Intermittent Mechanical Positive Pressure Ventilation in which pressure is applied when an episode of apnea is sensed. Positive airway pressure devices have traditionally employed either a face mask which only covers the patient's nose, or nasal pillows as the interface between the ventilation device and the patient's airway. However, there are problems with both of these interfaces.

The face mask requires a harness, headband, or other headgear to keep the mask in position, which many patient's find uncomfortable, particularly when sleeping. The face mask must seal the mask against the patient's face, and may cause irritation and facial sores, particularly if the patient moves his head while sleeping, causing the mask to rub against the skin. Face masks are also position dependent, and may leak if the mask changes position with movement of the patient's head. The face mask applies pressure to the sinus area of the face adjacent to the nose, causing the airways to narrow, thereby increasing the velocity of flow through the airway, but decreasing the pressure against the nasal mucosal walls. This strips moisture from the mucosal wall during inspiration, thereby causing drying and a burning sensation. These factors will often result in the patient's removal of the mask and discontinuance of positive airway pressure therapy.

Nasal pillows are pillowed style nasal seals which are pressed against the inferior portion of the nares to close the nostril openings. Nasal pillows require a headband or harness to maintain the pressure, resulting in the same patient discomfort noted with face masks. Nasal pillows have about a 0.25″ internal diameter at the nasal entry port where the seal is made. Therefore, pressurized air must pass through a constricted port, increasing the velocity of airflow, with resultant drying and burning of the nasal airways. The narrowed interface diameter of the nasal pillows causes a pressure drop, which is directly proportional to the drop in the number of available air molecules within the closed system. It is the volume of air molecules at the area in the patient's throat where the apneic events appear that is needed to correct apnea. The narrower the airways or the internal diameter of the nasal interface, the lower the volume of air molecules that will be available and the greater the driving pressure that is required to meet the volume demand. An increase in driving pressure does not fully compensate for the loss in the number of air molecules available.

A further problem with existing ventilation devices is that the carbon dioxide bleed ports for venting exhaled gases are noisy on both nasal face masks and nasal pillows. The whistling noise that occurs while utilizing such devices can prove quite annoying to the patient, awakening the patient and causing the patient to discontinue use of the ventilation device.

A number of devices have been proposed which include a ventilation interface for supplying gases to be inhaled, for collecting exhaled gases, or for mounting sensors for measuring or monitoring respiratory function.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,335,654 and 5,535,739, issued on Aug. 9, 1994 to Rapoport and Jul. 16, 1996 is to Rapoport et al., respectively, describe a CPAP system using a conventional nasal mask, the innovation comprising a flow sensor in the input line connected to a signal processor to determine the waveform of airflow, which is connected to a flow controller to adjust the pressure of airflow as required. U.S. Des. Pat. No. 333,015, issued Feb. 2, 1993 to Farmer et al. shows an ornamental design for a nasal mask. U.S. Des. No. 262,322, issued Dec. 15, 1981 to Mizerak, shows an ornamental design for a nasal cannula with a mouth mask.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,782,832, issued Nov. 8, 1988 to Trimble et al., discloses nasal pillows held in the patient's nose by a harness arrangement, the device having a plenum with two accordion or bellows shaped nipples for fitting against the nostril openings. U.S. Pat. No. 4,774,946, issued Oct. 4, 1988 to Ackerman et al., teaches a nasal and endotracheal tube apparatus for administering CPAP to infants, the nose tubes having a bulbous portion for seating in the pares of an infant and a headband with a Velcro® closure for supporting the cannula and supply tubes.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,269,296, issued to Landis on Dec. 14, 1993, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,477,852 and 5,687,715, issued to Landis et al. on Dec. 26, 1995, and Nov. 18, 1997, respectively, describe CPAP devices for the treatment of sleep apnea with relatively stiff or rigid nasal cannulae or prongs surrounded by inflatable cuffs to retain the cannulae in the pares, but which also may be supplemented by an inflatable head harness to position the cannulae and hold them in place, the two cannulae being joined by a conduit having vent holes to vent exhaled air. U.S. Pat. No. 5,533,506, issued Jul. 9, 1996 to the present inventor, discloses a nasal tube: assembly in which the tubes are tapered, frustro-conical assemblies with a soft membrane over the distal tip and a washer at the base of the nasal tube to prevent the tubes from falling through a support bar connected to a harness, the nasal tubes forming a positive seal with the inside of the nostrils to prevent the escape of gases.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,682,881, issued Nov. 4, 1997 to Winthrop et al., shows a nasal cannula for CPAP therapy with cone shaped nasal prongs in which the cannula is secured to the patient's upper lip by adhesive tape strips. U.S. Pat. No. 4,915,105, issued Apr. 10, 1990 to Lee, teaches a miniature respiratory breather apparatus in which relatively stiff or rigid nasal tubes have elastomeric packings for sealing the tubes in the nares.

Several patents describe improvements to nasal cannulae, but without sealing the nose tubes against the nostrils to prevent leakage of gas, including: U.S. Pat. No. 3,513,844, issued May 26, 1970 to Smith (metal strip in cannula cross-tube to retain configuration matching patient's lip); U.S. Pat. No. 4,106,505, issued Aug. 15, 1978 to Salter et al. (cannula body with ends extending upward and rearward); U.S. Pat. No. 4,915,104, issued Apr. 10, 1990 to Marcy (clasp with lanyard supporting supply tubes to ease pressure on ears); U.S. Pat. No. 5,025,805, issued Jun. 25, 1991 to Nutter (cylindrical soft sponge cuff around supply tubes to ease pressure and prevent skin injuries); U.S. Pat. No. 5,046,491, issued Sep. 10, 1991 to Derrick (device for collecting gases exhaled from both nose and mouth); U.S. Pat. No. 5,335,659, issued Aug. 9, 1994 to Pologe (device for mounting optical sensor on nasal septum); U.S. Pat. No. 5,509,409, issued Apr. 23, 1996 to Weatherholt (nasal cannula with face guards); U.S. Pat. No. 5,572,994, issued Nov. 12, 1996 to Smith (rotatable coupling in supply tubing); U.S. Pat. No. 5,636,630, issued Jun. 10, 1997 to Miller et al. (support for supply tubes); U.S. Pat. No. 5,704,916, issued Jan. 6, 1998 to Byrd (novel head strap for nasal cannula); and U.S. Pat. No. 5,704,799, issued Apr. 21, 1998 to Nielsen (device with one-way flow through cannula and flow restrictor to equalize flow into two nose members).

None of the above inventions and patents, taken either singly or in combination, is seen to describe the instant invention as claimed. Thus a ventilation interface for sleep apnea therapy solving the aforementioned problems is desired.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The ventilation interface for sleep apnea therapy interfaces a ventilation device which provides positive airway pressure (either continuous, bilevel, or intermittent) with the patient's airways. The ventilation interface includes a pair of nasal inserts made from flexible, resilient silicone which are oval shaped in cross-section and slightly tapered from a base proximal the ventilation supply to the distal tip end. A bead flange is disposed about the exterior of each insert at the distal end of the insert. A bleed port for release of exhaled air is defined through a conical vent projecting normally to the path of the incoming air flow, and continues through a nipple extending to the exterior of the air conduit. In one embodiment, a pair of nasal inserts are integral with a nasal cannula body, with bleed ports axially aligned with each insert. In another embodiment, each insert is independently connected to a separate, thin-walled, flexible supply line.

Advantageously, the construction of the nasal inserts permits the ventilation interface to be retained in the patient's nares without requiring a harness, head strap, or other-retaining device. The nasal inserts do not merely-seal the base of the nostrils, but are inserted into the nostrils farther than nasal pillows, as far as the nasal mucosal membrane, and are retained by resilient expansion of the inserts, the flanges engaging notches in the nares, together with the pressure of incoming air, which forms a positive seal to prevent the leakage of air past the inserts. The nasal inserts are constructed according to specifications which permit the inserts to be relatively thin-walled, and are oval shaped in cross-section to conform to the shape of the nostrils. This construction permits the nasal inserts to have a large internal diameter in order to pass a greater volume of air than nasal pillows or prongs, without significant narrowing of the air passages, thereby maintaining lateral pressure, and avoiding drying and burning of the patient's nasal passages, as well as supplying a sufficient number of air molecules at the desired pressure to keep the patient's airways patent. Consequently, the ventilation device is more comfortable for the patient to wear while sleeping than conventional positive airway pressure devices, but at the same time is more effective in treating the patient's apnea.

The bleed ports are specially designed to avoid the whistling noises commonly experienced with conventional nasal masks and nasal pillows. By projecting the vent structure into the air passage normal to the direction of the air flow from the supply tubes, incoming air must turn ninety degrees and exit through a long, restricted diameter bleed port to vent to the atmosphere, eliminating whistling noises to increase patient comfort. In the embodiment having a nasal cannula body, the bleed ports are axially aligned with the nasal inserts, providing CO₂ with a direct path to exit the cannula body. When the nasal inserts are attached to independent supply tubes, the bleed ports are at the base of the nostrils, providing essentially normal exhalation.

When the nasal inserts are directly connected to the supply tubes, the nasal inserts may be even more thin-walled than when attached to a cannula body, resulting in an even greater volume of air supplied through the cannula body, up to a 20% increase in volume. In this case the supply tubes may be similar to heat-shrink tubing, being made from a very thin-walled thermoplastic is material that is lightweight and flexible so that the supply tubing may collapse when not in use, but will expand to a predetermined diameter under pressure applied by a ventilator.

Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a ventilation interface for sleep apnea therapy having nasal inserts which seal against the nares and do not require a harness, head strap, or other external devices to maintain pressure for retaining the inserts in or against the patient's nostrils.

It is another object of the invention to provide a ventilation device having nasal inserts made of flexible, resilient plastic with a bead flange for retaining the inserts in the nares, wherein the walls of the insert are thin-walled and maintain lateral pressure in the nares in order to provide a greater internal diameter for the delivery of a greater volume of air molecules at a constant delivery pressure and without forcing ventilation gases through restricted ports or passageways so that drying and burning of the patient's nasal airways is avoided while delivering a therapeutic volume of air to maintain the apneic patient's airways in a patent condition.

It is a further object ventilation interface for sleep ports to avoid whistling noises at the interface a vent passage for expired air.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a ventilation interface which is lightweight and comfortable so that the apnea patient is not tempted to discard the ventilation device is while sleeping.

It is an object of the invention to provide improved elements and arrangements thereof for the purposes described which is inexpensive, dependable and fully effective in accomplishing its intended purposes.

These and other objects of the present invention will become readily apparent upon further review of the following specification and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Advantages of embodiments of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the exemplary embodiments. The following detailed description should be considered in conjunction with the accompanying figures in which:

FIG. 1 is a front environmental view of a ventilation interface for sleep apnea therapy according to the present invention.

FIG. 2A is an exploded elevational of a ventilation interface according to the present invention.

FIG. 2B is a perspective view of a ventilation interface embodied in a nasal cannula body according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a section view along the lines 3-3 of FIG. 2A.

FIG. 4 is a section view along the lines 4-4 of FIG. 2A.

FIG. 5 is a section view along the lines 5-5 of FIG. 2A.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the ventilation interface with the nasal inserts incorporated into independent supply tubes.

FIGS. 7A-7B illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a nasal insert for a respiratory interface.

FIGS. 8A-8E illustrate another exemplary embodiment of a respiratory interface and nasal inserts for a respiratory interface.

FIGS. 9A-9B illustrate another exemplary embodiment of a respiratory interface.

FIGS. 10A-10C illustrate additional exemplary embodiments of a nasal insert for a respiratory interface.

Similar reference characters denote corresponding features consistently throughout the attached drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Aspects of the invention are disclosed in the following description and related drawings directed to specific embodiments of the invention. Alternate embodiments may be devised without departing from the spirit or the scope of the invention. Additionally, well-known elements of exemplary embodiments of the invention will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of the invention. Further, to facilitate an understanding of the description discussion of several terms used herein follows.

As used herein, the word “exemplary” means “serving as an example, instance or illustration.” The embodiments described herein are not limiting, but rather are exemplary only. It should be understood that the described embodiment are not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. Moreover, the terms “embodiments of the invention”, “embodiments” or “invention” do not require that all embodiments of the invention include the discussed feature, advantage or mode of operation.

The present invention is a ventilation interface for sleep apnea therapy, designated generally as 10 in the drawings. The ventilation interface 10 provides an interface for connecting a ventilation device which provides positive airway pressure (either continuous, bilevel, or intermittent) with the patient's airways. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2A, the ventilation interface 10 includes a conventional adapter or Y-connector 12 having a first end adapted to receive a supply hose 14 from a mechanical ventilator (not shown) and a second end having a pair of ports 16 with barbed connectors for attachment to two supply tubes 18. Supply tubes 18 may be, e.g., 0.3125″ ID (inside diameter) flexchem tubing, made of polyvinyl chloride or other conventional gas supply tubing. For sleep apnea therapy, the mechanical ventilator will usually supply room air at a pressure of between five and fifteen centimeters of water. The room air may be supplemented with oxygen if desired by splicing an oxygen supply line into supply hose 14 or using a triple port connector in lieu of Y-connector 12. It is normally unnecessary to humidify or add moisture to the air supplied by the mechanical ventilator in using the ventilation interface 10 of the present invention, as the interface 10 is designed to avoid stripping moisture from the nares, so that moisture does not have to be added to relieve patient discomfort from drying or burning sensation in the nasal airways.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2A, the ends of the supply tubes distal from the Y-connector 12 are attached to opposite ends of a nasal cannula body 22 by barbed connectors 20. Barbed connectors 20 preferably have an inside diameter substantially equal to the inside diameter of supply tubes 18 in order to prevent any constriction or narrowing of the air passage which may cause increased velocity in air flow. Nasal cannula body 22, described more fully below, has a pair of nasal inserts 30 which are inserted into the nares of the patient P). The supply tubes may be looped over the patient's ears and joined to the Y connector 12, which may be suspended at about the patient's chest level when the patient is standing, as shown in FIG. 1. For Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) or Intermittent Mechanical Positive Pressure Ventilation therapy, a suitable valve may be connected between the supply tubes 18 and the cannula body 22. An exemplary valve is described in the Applicant's prior application, Ser. No. 09/524,371, filed Mar. 13, 2000, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

The nasal cannula body 22 is shown in greater detail in FIG. 2B. The cannula body 22 is an arcuate, hollow, body having substantially flat top wall 22 a and flat sidewalk 22 b merging with a semi-cylindrical bottom wall 22 c defining an air chamber 22 d (seen more clearly in FIG. 3) for the passage of air and other gases, and having cylindrical tubes 24 at opposite ends which receive one end of the barbed connectors 20. A notch 26 is defined transversely across the top wall 22 a of the cannula body 22, defining a pair of mounting pads 28. A pair of nasal inserts 30 are formed integral with the mounting pads 28. The nasal inserts 30 are hollow and form a continuous flow path or conduit for the passage of inhaled and exhaled gases between the patient's nasal air passages and the air chamber 22 d.

The nasal inserts are shown in greater detail in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5. The nasal inserts 30 are substantially oval in cross-section, with the major axis substantially parallel with the notch and the minor axis normal to the notch. The nasal inserts 30 taper slightly from a wide base 32 proximal the cannula body 22 to the open distal tip ends 34. The nasal inserts 30 have a flange 36 about the distal tip ends 34 on the exterior surface of the inserts 30, which may be formed as a semi-cylindrical bead.

The cannula body 22, including the nasal inserts 30, are preferably made from silicone elastomer. The cannula body 22 or air chamber 22 d has an internal diameter of at least 0.3125 inches throughout its length. The walls of the nasal inserts 30 may be thinner than the top wall 22 a. The thickness of the walls of the nasal inserts 30 are preferably between about 1/32 and 1/20 inches. The thickness of the walls at the flange 36 may be about 1/16 inches. The hardness of the walls of the nasal insert 30, as tested on a type A Shore durometer, may range between about 15 and 40, preferably about 30. If the walls of the nasal inserts 30 are made any thinner, they will fail to have sufficient integrity, and if made any thicker, they will have insufficient flexibility to form a seal against the nares. The thinness and softness of the nasal inserts 30 make them virtually unnoticeable while in the nostrils. For an adult patient, the nasal inserts may have a height of between about 0.25 and 0.75 inches. The internal diameter of the nasal inserts 30 may measure about 0.75″ on the major axis and 0.5 on the minor axis, allowing for generous laminar air flow and delivering pressure more by volume of air molecules than velocity of air flow, and deliver about double the volume of nasal pillows, which have a round internal diameter of, for example, about 0.25 inches. Nasal pillows cannot be made with such large internal diameters, because it becomes difficult to create a seal under the bottom of the nose, as the pillows would have an internal diameter larger than the internal diameter of the nares, and the pillows are not as flexible as the nasal inserts 30 of the present invention.

In use, the nasal inserts 30 are inserted up the patient's nostrils until the flanges 36 lodge against the mucous membranes. As such, the nasal inserts 30 are considered an invasive device. Testing has confirmed that the nasal inserts 30 are biocompatible and meet regulatory requirements. The nasal inserts are retained in the patient's nares by the flanges 36, by the flexibility and resiliency of the silicone elastomer, and by lateral pressure of the room air, which is maintained at between five and fifteen centimeters of water. The oval cross-section of the nasal inserts 30 is shaped to conform to the normally oval shape of the nares. The relative large internal diameter of the nasal inserts 30 permits air to be supplied to the patient's airways in sufficient volume at the driving pressure without accelerating the rate of airflow that the patient has sufficient positive airway pressure to be of therapeutic value in maintaining the patient's airways patent during an episode of obstructive apnea without drying the nasal passages. The notch 26 in the top wall 22 a of the cannula body 22 lends additional flexibility to the cannula body 22, so that the nasal cannula 22 can be adjusted for deviated septums, thick septum, and other anatomical variations in the configuration of the nostrils.

The cannula body 22 has a pair of bleeder ports 38 disposed in the bottom wall 22 c directly below and axially aligned with the nasal inserts 30. The bleeder ports are formed by an upper conically shaped nipple 40 extending upward into the air chamber 22 d, and a lower conically shaped nipple 42 extending below the bottom wall 22 c. The bleeder port has an internal diameter of about three millimeters and extends for a length of about 0.25 inches. The upper nipple 40 extends about 0.125 inches into the air chamber 22 d. The internal diameter of the bleeder port 38 is ample to permit venting of carbon dioxide exhaled by the patient while not being so large as to cause a significant pressure drop in the cannula body 22, and axial alignment of the bleeder port 38 with the nasal inserts 22 creates a direct path for venting of the expired gases. At the same time, laminar flow of air supplied by the supply tubes is normal to the bleeder ports 38, so that air supplied by the ventilator must bend ninety degrees to exit through the elongated bleeder port 38. The effect of this construction is that the bleeder port 38 is virtually silent in operation, eliminating the whistle associated with bleeder holes in conventional ventilation interfaces.

FIG. 6 is a generally diagrammatic view of an alternative embodiment of the ventilation interface, designated 50 in the drawing. In this embodiment, each nasal insert 52 is connected to a separate supply tube 54, the supply tubes 54 being connected to the mechanical ventilator supply hose 56 by a suitable Y-connector 58 or adapter, the cannula body 22 and common air chamber 22 d being omitted. The nasal inserts 52 have substantially the same construction as nasal inserts 30, being oval in cross-section and having a similar height and an annular flange 60 about the distal tip for lodging the nasal insert 52 in a naris. The nasal insert 52 is also made from silicone elastomer, and has the same softness, thickness, flexibility and resilience as the nasal insert 30. In this configuration, since the inserts are not connected to the cannula body 22, the angle at which the inserts 52 enter the nostrils is not restricted by the cannula body 22, and therefore the nares can accept a greater displacement, and may accommodate a 20% greater volume of air molecules through the insert 52 than the insert 30.

In this embodiment, the supply tubes 54 may be made from a flexible, lightweight, but relatively inelastic thermoplastic material, similar to heat shrink tubing, so that the supply tubes 54 may be at least partially collapsed in the absence of pressure from the mechanical ventilator, but expand to their maximum diameter under a pressure of between five to fifteen centimeters of water. The lightweight of the supply tubes 54 decreases any pressure on the patient's ears resulting from the weight of the supply tubes, increasing patient comfort. The bleeder ports 62 have a similar construction to the bleeder ports 38, having an internal nipple 65 normal to the axis of the nasal insert 52 and an external nipple 64, the bleeder ports 62 being just above the base of the inserts 52 and normal to the flow of supply air through the inserts 52.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the dimensions of the nasal inserts 30 and 52, and of the bleeder ports 38 and 62, are representative dimensions for a ventilation interface 10 or 50 designed for adults, and that the ventilation interface 10 or 50 may be made with correspondingly reduced dimensions for teenage children, preteens, and infants. It will also be understood that the nasal inserts 30 and 52 may be made from thermoplastic elastomers other than silicone, providing that the material has similar softness, resilience, flexibility, and biocompatibility. It will also be understood by those skilled in the art that the nasal inserts 30 and 52, although illustrated in conjunction with ventilation devices for the treatment of sleep apnea, may be used in any other application where it is desirable to have an interface forming a seal between at person's nasal airways and a ventilation or gas collection device, including, but not limited to, rescue breathing apparatus used by firefighters and other emergency personnel, scuba diving tanks, etc.

FIGS. 7A-7B illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a nasal insert 700 for a respiratory interface. The nasal insert may include a hollow body 702, an inlet aperture 704 for allowing gas to enter hollow body 702, and a nasal aperture 706 for allowing gas to exit hollow body 702 toward the patient. The nasal insert 700 may have a generally oval shape to facilitate conforming to the shape of the patient's nostril; however, other regular or irregular shapes may be provided. In some exemplary embodiments, a nasal interface can have a single nasal insert 700, as shown in FIGS. 7A-7B. In other exemplary embodiments, a nasal interface can have two nasal inserts 700 as described further below. In some exemplary embodiments, the two nasal inserts 700 may be provided separately. In other exemplary embodiments, the two nasal inserts 700 may be connected, as described further below.

Nasal insert 700 can have at least one weight-reducing structure 708. The weight reducing structures 708 can include indentations or apertures, such as slots, perforations, and like openings that may function to reduce the weight or structure of the nasal insert. The weight reducing structures 708 may be provided in any number, orientation, or combination. In use, nasal insert can function to open the nasal passage to improve airflow and reduce resistance.

Nasal insert 700 can be inserted into the patient's nostril and may form a seal therewith. The fit between nasal insert 700 and the nostril may be sufficient to retain a portion of the nasal insert within a portion of the nostril. In some exemplary embodiments, nasal insert 700 can act as a stent and can compensate for or correct a deviated septum.

In some exemplary embodiments, the nasal insert may have a connection area 710. Connection area 710 may be utilized to connect a headgear (e.g. a strap or the like) to the nasal insert to facilitate supporting the nasal insert 710 as well as creating and/or assisting the seal. In other exemplary embodiments, a headgear could be formed integrally with the respiratory interface having at least one nasal insert 710. Connection area 710 may also be utilized to connect a chin strap to support the interface or limit a patient's ability to open the mouth. In other exemplary embodiments, a chinstrap could be formed integrally with the respiratory interface having at least one nasal insert 710. Furthermore, in some exemplary embodiments, a chin strap or chin flap may be attached to any of the invention embodiments to facilitate keeping the mouth of the patient closed.

FIG. 8A illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a respiratory interface 800 having a pair of nasal inserts 802 that may be joined by a connecting member 804. Connecting member 804 can be provided as a separate component or could be formed integrally with nasal inserts 802. Connecting member 804 can have a rectangular cross-section, a circular cross-section, or any other cross-section. Each nasal insert 802 may have a flange 806 on the end having a nasal aperture 808. An exemplary nasal insert with a flange is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/044,925, filed Jan. 15, 2002, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

During use, nasal insert 802 may be retained by flange 806, by the flexibility and resiliency of nasal insert 802 and/or flange 806, or by a combination thereof. In some exemplary embodiments, flange 806 may be in the form of a bead or a thin wiping detail and may facilitate sealing within the nostril. In some exemplary embodiments, flange 806 may be detachably coupled to the nasal insert.

In some exemplary embodiments, nasal insert 802 may further include a valve 810. FIGS. 8B-8C show an exemplary embodiment of a valve 810 located near the nasal aperture 808 of the nasal insert. In this location, the distance between the valve and the nasal aperture may be minimized, thereby facilitating the creation of a smaller deadspace volume. The air that is exhaled by the patient can be trapped in this deadspace. Valve 810 may formed integrally with the nasal insert or may be assembled to the nasal insert.

FIGS. 8D-8E show an exemplary embodiment of a valve 812 located near the inlet aperture 814 of the nasal insert. Valve 812 may formed integrally with the nasal insert or may be assembled to the nasal insert. Valves 810 and 812 may be assembled between the nasal insert 802 and a second component, such as, for example, a flange 806 or an inlet aperture cover 816 respectively. In some exemplary embodiments, valve 812 may be attached to an inlet aperture cover 816 by any desired coupling, such as, for example, by assembly or by overmolding. The inlet aperture cover 816 may then be coupled to the nasal insert 802, for example at a valve receptacle 818.

FIGS. 9A-9B illustrate another exemplary embodiment of a respiratory interface 900. Respiratory interface 900 can include a pair of nasal inserts 902 coupled to and in communication with a chamber 904. Chamber 904 may be hollow and may be adapted to reduce deadspace, for example by constructing chamber 904 to be substantially small. In some exemplary embodiments, chamber 904 may have one valve 906 for both nasal inserts 902. In other exemplary embodiments (not shown), chamber 904 may have one valve corresponding to each insert 902. Chamber 904 may have a thinner top wall 908 disposed between the nasal inserts 902 to facilitate increasing the flexibility of chamber 904 so as to better conform to a patient's nostril configuration. In some exemplary embodiments, each nasal insert 902 may further have a flange 910 on the nasal aperture end 912 thereof.

In some exemplary embodiments, multiple sizes of nasal inserts and/or flanges can be provided so as to allow for fitting different sizes of nostrils. The taper, shape, length, thickness, material, durometer, and other characteristics of a nasal insert and/or flange may be varied in design and construction as needed. FIG. 10A shows an exemplary embodiment of a nasal insert 1000, where a second flange 1002 may be coupled to nasal insert 1000 over a first flange 1004 so as to offer two different size configurations. FIG. 10B shows another exemplary embodiment of a nasal insert 1000 having an outer nasal insert sleeve 1006 coupled to nasal insert 1000 so as to offer two different size configurations. A second flange 1002 or an outer nasal insert sleeve 1006 may be coupled to nasal insert 1000 through any means known to one skilled in the art. FIG. 10C shows another exemplary embodiment of a nasal insert 1008 having multiple flanges 1010.

It should be understood that a valve may be incorporated into any of the embodiments described herein. An exemplary valve is described in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/524,371, filed Mar. 13, 2000, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The valve may allow air to pass through the nasal insert during inhalation, but may also work to prevent air from passing through the nasal insert during exhalation. The valve may serve to resist flow (i.e. increase resistance) in one direction. Increased resistance during exhalation may create a back pressure inside the patient's airway. In some exemplary embodiments, the valve may be replaceable. Features in the respiratory interface, such as ribs or walls, or separate components, such as the inlet aperture cover, may serve to limit or control the movement range of the valve.

Various valve types configured to allow gas passage in one direction can be utilized, e.g., a flapper valve, a check valve, a biased valve, a pucker valve, a duckbill valve, a dome valve, spring-loaded valve, propeller valve, shuttle valve, plunger valve, piston valve, or any other valve known in the art that enables the nasal interface to function as described herein. Valves that open when a certain pressure is reached (i.e. “cracking pressure”) can also be utilized. Also, valves that have electronic adjustment can be utilized.

The embodiments disclosed herein may have at least one bleed port for expelling or exhausting gas. The bleed port may be of sufficient size and dimension to allow the patient's exhalation to exhaust from the interface. The bleed port can be located on any portion of the respiratory interface. For example, the bleeder port may be located at or proximate the valve or between the valve and the nasal aperture.

Various materials may be used to construct the respiratory interface. Exemplary materials for any of the components of the interface may include silicone, plastic, composite, or any material known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Some materials such as foams and gels may facilitate a design that could fit a wider range of nostrils. In some exemplary embodiments, the contact surface of the flange may have a silicone exterior and may be filled with gel or foam. In some exemplary embodiments, fabric may be used for at least a portion of the respiratory interface, for example for the chamber. In some exemplary embodiments, a portion of the respiratory interface could be inflatable or air-filled, for example the nasal insert.

Securing the respiratory interface may be accomplished in various ways. Securing the respiratory interface via the nasal insert shape, the materials, a flange, and/or headgear, have previously been described. Other ways of securing the respiratory interface, such as an over-nose strap, over-nose clip or spring, adhesive, septum clip or spring, or intra-nasal clip or spring, could alternatively be utilized.

While the embodiments described herein have been in the form of a nasal insert, it is envisioned that any style of interface could be combined with a valve. This can include, but isn't limited to, full-face masks, nasal masks, nasal prong interfaces, oral masks, and hybrid masks (i.e., combined masks such as an oral mask with nasal prongs or a nasal mask with nasal prongs). Exemplary masks are described in U.S. Patent Applications 2002/0059935, 2006/0124131, 2006/0174887, 2007/0221226, 2007/0272249, 2008/0011305, and 2009/0107506, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. As previously mentioned, the valve in larger interfaces may be improved if the valve is located substantially close to the patient's nose and/or mouth to minimize deadspace.

While embodiments described herein may be connected with a gas supply, mechanical ventilator, or PAP machine, the respiratory interface may function without being connected. The valve can allows the patient to generate the positive airway pressure needed for the treatment as previously described.

It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but encompasses any and all embodiments within the scope of the following claims. 

1. A respiratory interface comprising: at least one nasal insert comprising; a hollow body; at least one inlet aperture for allowing gas to enter the hollow body; and at least one nasal aperture for allowing gas to exit towards a patient.
 2. The respiratory interface of claim 1, wherein the at least one nasal insert is oval shaped.
 3. The respiratory interface of claim 1 further comprising: at least one of an indentation, aperture, slot, perforation, or opening defined in the nasal insert.
 4. The respiratory interface of claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of indentations, apertures, slots, perforations, or openings defined in the nasal insert.
 5. The respiratory interface of claim 1, further comprising: a connection area on the nasal insert that may connect the nasal insert to one of a headgear and chin strap.
 6. The respiratory interface of claim 1, further comprising: at least one second nasal insert.
 7. The respiratory interface of claim 6, further comprising: a connecting member that joins the at least one nasal insert and the at least one second nasal insert.
 8. The respiratory interface of claim 7, wherein the connecting member is detachable from the at least one nasal insert and the at least one second nasal insert.
 9. The respiratory interface of claim 6, wherein the at least one nasal insert and the at least one second insert are variable in size.
 10. A respiratory interface, comprising: at least one nasal insert comprising; a hollow body; at least one inlet aperture for allowing gas to enter the hollow body; at least one nasal aperture for allowing gas to exit towards a patient; and a valve operatively associated with the nasal insert.
 11. The respiratory interface of claim 10, wherein the valve is located proximate the at least one nasal aperture of the at least one nasal insert.
 12. The respiratory interface of claim 10, wherein the valve located proximate the at least one inlet aperture of the at least one nasal insert.
 13. The respiratory interface of claim 10, wherein the valve is integral to the at least one nasal insert.
 14. The respiratory interface of claim 10, wherein the valve is assembled between the at least one nasal insert and a second component.
 15. The respiratory interface of claim 14, wherein the second component is at least one of a flange or an inlet aperture cover.
 16. The respiratory interface of claim 10, further comprising: at least one bleed port for expelling or exhausting gas.
 17. The respiratory interface of claim 10, wherein the bleed port is located at the valve or between the valve and the nasal aperture.
 18. The respiratory interface of claim 10, wherein the valve is a one direction valve.
 19. The respiratory interface of claim 10 wherein the valve is at least one of a flapper valve, a check valve, a biased valve, a pucker valve, a duckbill valve, a dome valve, a spring-loaded valve, a propeller valve, a shuttle valve, a plunger valve or a piston valve.
 20. The respiratory interface of claim 10, wherein the valve opens when a pressure threshold is exceeded.
 21. The respiratory interface of claim 10, wherein the valve is electronically adjustable.
 22. A respiratory interface comprising: a first nasal insert; a second nasal insert; and a chamber coupled to the first nasal insert and the second nasal insert.
 23. The respiratory interface of claim 22, wherein the chamber is hollow. 